Oras Na: Documentary Reaction Paper Essay

Oras Na, a GMA News and Public Affairs environmental documentary hosted by Richard Gutierrez gave us a 60 minute view of how our nature looks like in this new generation. Every minute, every hour of our own life, and the uses of out natural resources, this documentary showed us what we need to know – our nature’s deadline. Experts gave deadlines to our country’s natural resources. In 2025, trees in the forests of our country may possibly be gone. Same in this year, we will be suffering from low supply of clean water in the country. We could also suffer in low supply of fossil fuels in 2030. And in 2050, there’s no more fishes to eat. I’ve learned about the four main problem that we and the country will be facing in the future. One of the problem in the country is about the marine resources. It is shown in the documentary that there’s 7 billion people in the whole word who needs to eat and 90 million of the number is in the Philippines. 70% of the Filipino’s are having fish and sea foods as their daily food. And one of the biggest natural resources we have on earth is the sea which covers 77% of the planet. Fifty decades before is when we are fond of having plenty of aquatic resources. In Navotas Fish Port – biggest fish port in the country and one of the biggest in Asia, 400 tons of fish are delivered per day, it looks like it’s quiet a large number of deliveries but it doesn’t, compared to the tons of fishes delivered twenty years ago. One of the University in Canada said that not even before the year 2050, there are some places in the country which experiencing the loss numbers of fishes. Big fishes like tuna decreases its numbers also. It is said that 10% from their original numbers way back fifty years ago is what we have now. During 1970’s & 1980’s, 150 tons of tuna were delivered in General Santos Fish Port, which is the biggest tuna port in the world, and now it is down to only 50 tons. Because of this, Western and Cultural Pacific Fisheries Commission ordered to have a Tuna Ban which prohibits wide fishing of tuna  and only use handline instrument of fishing on big part of the international waters. By this order, some fishers are forced to grab fish/tuna where it is prohibited like in Indonesia. The reason for this decreasing number of fishes was studied by the UP Marine Science Institute. In the seven of the most productive fishing resource in the Philippines, it shows that the number of the fishers are over 50% compared to the sea’s capacity to increase the number of fish. Dr. Perry Alià ±o, a professor in UP Marine Science Institute, said that another reason is because 80-90% are overfish and some species are slowly being extinct in some areas which can happen and is already happening for some species right now. As the population in the country increases, the demand of fish as food also increases. As well as many fishes are being catch even though they are too small and too young to be sold in the public, not getting the chance to give birth to another specie. According to experts, the solution for this decreasing number of fishes is to reduce the fishing effort by 50%, for we are twice as it’s capacity to accommodate. Second problem in our country is having plenty supply of water. The cleanliest river in the country can be seen in Pandan, Antique. It gives water supply to over 3, 000 households in their town. And this kind of cleanliness in water can be seen in the rivers in our country way back Spanish time, even the Pasig river was said to be that clean. Water shortage can be experience right now in some places in Tawi-Tawi like Sitangkai which is the farthest island in the country, and in Bongao. In Tubigan, Bicol, people dig underground to have supply from the ground water and after 4 years, they will find other places to have their water supply as well as in Brgy. Bangkulasi, Navotas which their water is trusted to a water truck from other place. Water is the problem to this some places but there will come a time that it would be everyone’s problem according to Philippine Water Monitor of World Bank, year 2025, we’ll be experiencing a fresh water crisis. But before that, according to Pacific Institute for Studies and Development, Environment and Security, year 2020, estimated 77 million people in the world, mostly children will die because of diseases gain from contaminated water especially the ground water which is the main source of  water because of pollution. Third is the decreasing number of trees in the forest. The old growth tress which are aged hundreds can be gone in just an hour by cutting and if this will still continue, we can no longer see it by year 2020. Way back 1870’s, Philippines was covered by 70% of the forest but now the country has only 8% from its original number of forest cover. The reason is deforestation. Deforestation rate is directly proportional with population rate. By doing deforestation for our different needs and demands in the society and continuously cutting of trees, forests can be erase in the map by 2025. In Northwest Panay Peninsula, this problems starts to show where mountains of trees are put into fire to have a coal production and to plant crops. In Surigao del Norte, other part of the forest are used for mining. Lastly, about the Fossil Fuel supply. There are three sources of energy in the country; coal, natural gas and oil or fossil fuel. It was said that fossil fuel production started to decrease last 2012, which is three years before. According to International Energy Agency, we will experience 5 out of 10% of decrease rate production until 2030 where there’s no more fossil fuel to supply energy in the country. In this state, experts are finding alternative supply of energy like solar powers, wind mills, geothermal power and hydroelectric power. These problems was stated in the documentary and therefore became a way to open the minds of the people to be more attentive on their society. Nature, as how much it helps our lives also have their limits when it comes to the resources. And we, people, should also have the limit in using them and knowledge on how to use them in a right way. I, myself, was shocked to see how some of the places in our country is suffering from this problems and thinking that I am one of the lucky yet people who’s living with the resources and not minding any problem with those. Watching the documentary, I recalled how my parents always told me to waste water, food, and paper when I was a kid. And now I fully understand what’s that supposed to mean. That I, in that small way can help to slow down the decreasing rate of the natural resources we have. Documentaries always give its audience a learning in the end, and this one, Oras Na, is saying the people should at least conserve water and energy, lessen the catching of fishes, and stop the cutting of trees. Since we are living in an urban and centralized place, which we are one lucky people, we are not yet experiencing this problems unlike the places featured on the documentary, so it is easy for us to waste every time and opportunity that we are wasting any of these natural resources. As what I’ve said in the second paragraph, each are having their deadlines. And the deadlines set is going near. We should start taking care of what we have which we must have done before, before we regret and suffer from itself.

Capital Budget Recommendation

As a dedicated furniture maker and businessman, a clear understanding of the techniques used to assist in capital budgeting is important. There are several techniques used, each having advantages and disadvantages. Within this recommendation, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique will be briefly discussed. Additionally, discuss how each technique will assist in determining the desirable capital budget technique to recommend. Concluding with a course of action Mr. Navallez should take, along with calculation to support the recommended course of action. Capital budget techniques Several techniques can be used to analyze an opportunity to invest in capital. Net Present Value (NPV) allows decision makers to analyze the present value (cost) of a capital investment and determine if the investment will compensate the cash outflow used for capital investment by an excess of the desired rate of return. Management â€Å"wants to know the rate of return to expect from investingâ⠂¬ , therefore, will â€Å"use the internal rate of return method. (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1156)The internal rate of return produces the actual rate of return on an investment; where as, net present value allows management to select the desired rate of return on an investment. A simple and straightforward technique is the payback period; as the name suggests â€Å"payback† this technique â€Å"shows how long it will take to recover the initial cash outflow (the cost) of an investment. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 164) Although, the payback period furnishes the time period when the cost is likely to be recovered, the technique does not illustrate compensation in excess of the initial cash outflow or assist in evaluating different prospective capital investments. Additionally, modified internal rate of return technique shows the adjusted rate of return based on the expected return on investment after taxes, however, does n ot calculate compensation or assist in evaluation of alternatives. For the purpose of the recommendation further discussion of net present value and internal rate of return assist in determining the desired course of action Mr.Navallez should acquire. The two techniques demonstrate the ability to compare the two prospective investments Mr. Navallez is considering. With reference to each prospective investment within this recommendation each will be referenced as Alternative 1 and Alternative 2. Alternative 1 is the purchase of automated high-tech machinery and Alternative 2 is becoming a representative. Net preset value vs. internal rate of return Net present value (NPV) is determined by â€Å"subtracting the cost of the investment from the present value of the future cash inflows. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 156) The future cash inflow is a calculation that is computed by taking the future annual cash inflow of the investment (payments), number of peri ods, and desired rate of return. Two outcomes are determined by the use of this technique, a high rate of return or a below rate of return. The most favorable outcome is a high rate of return; a high rate of return indicates the future cash inflow of an investment is worth the current cash outflow (cost of the investment). In use, the cost of the automated machinery subtracted from present value of the future cash inflows will show the net present value of the investment.Cash inflow consists of representative fees, working capital recovery due to the decrease in labor and manufacturing cost. Net present value will show whether the prospective investment will compensate in excess of the desired rate of return. Internal rate of return is a desire rate, also called hurdle rate, or cutoff rate, or minimum rate set by the organization as the expected return on the investment. â€Å"The rate of return is the rate at which the present value of cash inflows equals the cash outflows. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1156) â€Å"The higher internal rate of return, the more profitable the investment. (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1160) The internal rate of return is calculated by taking the total values (cash inflow and outflow) and â€Å"guess† (rate of return). This technique assist in the decision making process because once the internal rate of return is determined, the desired investment can easily be decided. Taking the cash outflow and inflow from each alternative and the desired rate of return will offer the best comparison as which investment will present a return favorable. Recommendation The recommendation Mr. Navallez should take is alternative 1. Alternative 1 offers the best return on investment.The use of the net present value techniques presents the desired return on investment. Net present value over internal rate of return presents the expected return on cash outflows for the cost of the investment, th us allowing management to â€Å"compute a present value index. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1160) Assume the desired rate of return is 8% over 10 periods, alternative 1 cash inflow would be $421,834 with cash outflow being $323,091 and alternative 2 cash inflow of $314,057 with cash outflow being $283,930. The present value of alternative 1 is $98,743 and alternative 2 is $30,127.Alternative 1 yields a higher rate of return, however, taking it a step further to confirm alternative 1 is the best investment the present value index offers an additional comparison of the two investments. Present value index is calculated by dividing cash inflows from cash outflows, â€Å"the higher the ratio, the higher the rate of return per dollar invested into the proposed project. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1160) Alternative 1 ratio 1. 306 and alternative 2 ratio 1. 106; thus confirming alternative 1 the best investment and the most profita ble for Mr. Navallez. Capital Budget Recommendation As a dedicated furniture maker and businessman, a clear understanding of the techniques used to assist in capital budgeting is important. There are several techniques used, each having advantages and disadvantages. Within this recommendation, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique will be briefly discussed. Additionally, discuss how each technique will assist in determining the desirable capital budget technique to recommend. Concluding with a course of action Mr. Navallez should take, along with calculation to support the recommended course of action. Capital budget techniques Several techniques can be used to analyze an opportunity to invest in capital. Net Present Value (NPV) allows decision makers to analyze the present value (cost) of a capital investment and determine if the investment will compensate the cash outflow used for capital investment by an excess of the desired rate of return. Management â€Å"wants to know the rate of return to expect from investingâ⠂¬ , therefore, will â€Å"use the internal rate of return method. (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1156)The internal rate of return produces the actual rate of return on an investment; where as, net present value allows management to select the desired rate of return on an investment. A simple and straightforward technique is the payback period; as the name suggests â€Å"payback† this technique â€Å"shows how long it will take to recover the initial cash outflow (the cost) of an investment. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 164) Although, the payback period furnishes the time period when the cost is likely to be recovered, the technique does not illustrate compensation in excess of the initial cash outflow or assist in evaluating different prospective capital investments. Additionally, modified internal rate of return technique shows the adjusted rate of return based on the expected return on investment after taxes, however, does n ot calculate compensation or assist in evaluation of alternatives. For the purpose of the recommendation further discussion of net present value and internal rate of return assist in determining the desired course of action Mr.Navallez should acquire. The two techniques demonstrate the ability to compare the two prospective investments Mr. Navallez is considering. With reference to each prospective investment within this recommendation each will be referenced as Alternative 1 and Alternative 2. Alternative 1 is the purchase of automated high-tech machinery and Alternative 2 is becoming a representative. Net preset value vs. internal rate of return Net present value (NPV) is determined by â€Å"subtracting the cost of the investment from the present value of the future cash inflows. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 156) The future cash inflow is a calculation that is computed by taking the future annual cash inflow of the investment (payments), number of peri ods, and desired rate of return. Two outcomes are determined by the use of this technique, a high rate of return or a below rate of return. The most favorable outcome is a high rate of return; a high rate of return indicates the future cash inflow of an investment is worth the current cash outflow (cost of the investment). In use, the cost of the automated machinery subtracted from present value of the future cash inflows will show the net present value of the investment.Cash inflow consists of representative fees, working capital recovery due to the decrease in labor and manufacturing cost. Net present value will show whether the prospective investment will compensate in excess of the desired rate of return. Internal rate of return is a desire rate, also called hurdle rate, or cutoff rate, or minimum rate set by the organization as the expected return on the investment. â€Å"The rate of return is the rate at which the present value of cash inflows equals the cash outflows. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1156) â€Å"The higher internal rate of return, the more profitable the investment. (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1160) The internal rate of return is calculated by taking the total values (cash inflow and outflow) and â€Å"guess† (rate of return). This technique assist in the decision making process because once the internal rate of return is determined, the desired investment can easily be decided. Taking the cash outflow and inflow from each alternative and the desired rate of return will offer the best comparison as which investment will present a return favorable. Recommendation The recommendation Mr. Navallez should take is alternative 1. Alternative 1 offers the best return on investment.The use of the net present value techniques presents the desired return on investment. Net present value over internal rate of return presents the expected return on cash outflows for the cost of the investment, th us allowing management to â€Å"compute a present value index. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1160) Assume the desired rate of return is 8% over 10 periods, alternative 1 cash inflow would be $421,834 with cash outflow being $323,091 and alternative 2 cash inflow of $314,057 with cash outflow being $283,930. The present value of alternative 1 is $98,743 and alternative 2 is $30,127.Alternative 1 yields a higher rate of return, however, taking it a step further to confirm alternative 1 is the best investment the present value index offers an additional comparison of the two investments. Present value index is calculated by dividing cash inflows from cash outflows, â€Å"the higher the ratio, the higher the rate of return per dollar invested into the proposed project. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1160) Alternative 1 ratio 1. 306 and alternative 2 ratio 1. 106; thus confirming alternative 1 the best investment and the most profita ble for Mr. Navallez.

Financial Costs of Diabetes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Financial Costs of Diabetes - Research Paper Example Though the structure of the health expenditure survey is not useful for approximating nationwide complications and costs of diabetes, it can however give details of how diabetes has affected individual patients and their families economically. Diabetic patients have been using medical services more than other individuals diagnosed with another disease which makes their medical expense higher. This is especially with their medication where in some circumstances they are forced to use out of pocket expenses. In the year 2007, the economic cost of diabetes was estimated to be $174 billion in the United States of America (Javitt and Chiang, 2001). 116 billion dollars was the estimate of direct medical costs while 58 billion dollars was due to other expenses such as disability brought by diabetes, lost workdays and restricted activities in the health center. At an average, people diagnosed with diabetes use $11,744 annually, with $6649 being attributed to diabetes (Javitt and Chiang, 2001). Approximately 1/5 of health care dollars in the United States is used to care for individuals diagnosed with diabetes while 1/10 of health dollars is contributed to diabetes. People diagnosed with diabetes have higher medical expenditure compared to the rest of the population from health care statistics over the years (Javitt and Chiang, 2001). Diabetic patients and their families are not the only people who are affected economically by the disease but also the community or the society at large. Though they are affected indirectly, the impact is felt even at minimal. When patients are diagnosed with diabetes extra costs are required to cover for their medical care which means a percentage of health care for those who are not diabetic will have to reduce (Javitt and Chiang, 2001).

State Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

State Taxation - Essay Example Over this, many counties and municipalities levy their own taxes and that has been found to be as high as 9.9%. Maryland has different slabs of personal Income Tax rates. For top of the bracket income (over $500,000) applicable tax rate is 5.5%. For the income below $150,000 per year, income tax rate is 5.0% and for the income in between $150,000 and $500,000 the income tax rate is 5.25%. State does not charge property tax but counties of Maryland do charge property tax and the rate varies between 1.357$ and $ 5.67 per $100 of assessment. Most of the counties charge close to $2.1 per $100 property valuation (Maryland Taxes, 2012). Pennsylvania levies a 6% state sales tax on goods and services providing exemption to the prescription drugs, clothing, residential heating fuels, textbooks and food items. Local counties such as Philadelphia and Allegheny charge additional 1% of the tax making it total 7%. The state of Pennsylvania does not charge taxes on personal property or real estate; however, local municipalities do charge those taxes only on real estate, land or building. The tax is not charged on other kinds of properties such as cars or inventories (Powell, Albrecht). A minimum sales tax charged in Florida is 6 percent. Besides, state permits each county to charge its own local tax that is applicable over and above state sales tax. Counties in Florida have been found to charge taxes between 6 and 7.5 percents. Florida is costliest among all states on the property tax; however, homestead exemptions up to $50,000 can be availed by Florida residents. Homestead exemptions are available to homeowners who stay in the home as primary residence. Florida does not impose gift tax, inheritance tax or intangible personal property tax on the residents. It is worth noting that while buying home in South Florida, closing cost is also a kind of expense that needs to be considered.

Announced Firm Negotiation Position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Announced Firm Negotiation Position - Essay Example Sometimes, including the product price or service fee in the company portfolio listing may not be advantageous at all. In this case, the company’s weak side may be exposed to the buyer and may give a certain impression that may actually affect the buyer’s interest to the deal. To avoid such, both the buyer and the seller should research well not only on the current market but the social factors which affect the negotiation process. For the seller, it is important to know the type of buyers to be able to adjust strategies during the negotiation process before announcing any negotiation position. More often than not, negotiation can actually be flexible for both parties. Metz reported that â€Å"the seller can bend to the time constraints and resource limitations of a particular buyer.† There are a handful of reasons a buyer would be highly interested to the offered deal. It can be his desire to the product’s innovative technology, or his interest in the company’s market position, or his confidence to the seller’s customer base. Negotiation can be absolutely strategic if there is a diversity of buyers that range from a number of large firms to a few small buyers. The seller’s problem lies in the situation where there is only one or no buyer. This case may be used by the buyer to his advantage if he is the only buyer in the negotiation. During the negotiation process, defining your official standpoint or stance is of prime importance important before finally entering the process itself. This negotiation position, regardless you are the seller or the buyer, should be strongly defended by the negotiator during the negotiation process. Practically, the main reason why many people can’t find a good agreement is that each has taken of his own announced position. Your negotiation position is determined by the interests in the

Can Islamic Finance Ever Become A Mainstream Product In UK Essay

Can Islamic Finance Ever Become A Mainstream Product In UK - Essay Example Introduction: The emergence of the capitalist system that focuses on the acquisition of individual profits has been long supported as the best economic policy for most countries to follow, because market forces tend to balance out economies in the long run. The banking system in the UK also functions under the capitalist model, wherein acquisition of profits is an integral part of the system and â€Å"greed† or the â€Å"unbridled pursuit of wealth† has become the popular slogan for individuals and corporations (Ayub,2007, p. 31). The motivation towards profit is the cornerstone of the UK banking system. The recent financial crisis and corporate scandals such as Enron have however, dispelled the deregulation which existed previously and given rise to stricter financial regulation of money markets (Von Hagen and Ho, 2007). Deregulation of the banking system has been blamed for the speculative activities of the stock markets and the unrestricted use and issue of credit, w hich led to the financial crisis (Money morning, 2009). In the current financial environment, the Islamic banking model offers a completely different approach to banking and lending, because it is not based upon the profit motivation that characterizes UK banks. The Islamic banking system is based upon sharia law, wherein the charging of interest on loans to gain profit is forbidden and is considered to be contravene the religious tenets of Islam. The question that arises in this context therefore, is: Can the Islamic banking system offer a viable financial choice in the U.K.? Since Islamic banks do not charge interest and thereby provide an opportunity for consumers to borrow loans without large additional amounts being charged as interest, would this be a more ethical and equitable form of banking? The research question that is to be examined in this work is: Can Islamic Finance ever become a mainstream product in the U.K.? Banking system in the U.K. In the U.K., the banking syste m is dominated by four large banking conglomerates, Royal Bank of Scotland, HBOS, Barclays, and HSBC. The financial crisis of 2007 also affected the regulatory system in the UK, producing a tightening up of banking operations (Gola and Roselli, 2009). In March of 2009, the Financial Services Authority in the UK put forward proposals which were geared towards the overhaul of the banking system and its governing rules, especially in regulating lending criteria and clamping down on the unrestricted use of credit, in order to prevent a recurrence of the financial crisis (BBC News, 2009). For many consumers, the high interest rates on bank loans and credit cards are a significant drawback leading to losses, which are especially difficult in the current recessionary environment. The application of Islamic law could therefore potentially lead to the evolution of a â€Å"balanced, sustainable and equitable economic order†, because it can help to provide a balance between social and e conomic principles, as the Islamic system is based upon principles of morality, i.e, Islamic law does not allow collection of interest in banking, for example (Ayub, 49). Islamic banking The shariah or Islamic law is the dominant underlying principle in all Islamic financial transactions, because Shariah compliance is the raison d’etre of the Islamic financial system.(Ayub, 43). Three salient Shariah principles influence the banking industry, i.e, riba, gharar and gambling.This risk sharing model is the

Works and Oppinions of Sir William Arthur Lewis Research Paper

Works and Oppinions of Sir William Arthur Lewis - Research Paper Example W. Arthur Lewis’ most famous input to development economics was his revolutionary work on the movement of labor from a conventional to a contemporary industrial region in circumstances of limitless supplies of labor. His famous piece of writing, â€Å"Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour†, written in 1954, contributed to the foundation of development economics as a specific area of study. It concentrated on the methods of shifting excess labor from conventional movement to a contemporary industrial region in environment of unrestricted supply of labor. In his model, earnings in the contemporary industrialist sector are not verified by the output of labor, ‘but by its opportunity cost’2. A conventional non-industrialist operational atmosphere - variously included peasants, artisanal manufacturers as well as domestic servants - increased by residents demands in addition to the entry of females into the labor force, gives the industrial zone with limi tless supplies of labor, on a salary fairly over the survival point. As one observes development in the segment, employment increases and share of earnings in national income increases as well3. Ultimately, as excess labor is drained, the income rate increases. At this time, the economy traverses the borderline, from a dual to a single incorporated labor market, and actual earnings increases with growing output, in reference to conventional expansion models. Lewis’ model gives an idea about lesser incomes and scarcity in a labor surplus economy will carry on so long as the opportunity cost of labor to the industrial sector continues to stay low. It as well served as an argument for government-directed industrialization plans during the years 1950s and 1960s, something Lewis disagreed all the way through his involvement with the United Nations. Lewis pressed on the case for industrialization by indicating the comparative benefit of labor surplus nations in industrialized activ ity. â€Å"Presented in The Industrial Development of the Caribbean in the year 1951, his argument was based on the success of Operation Bootstrap in Puerto Rico, where he had advocated the production of manufactured goods for domestic, regional and metropolitan markets. It was a radical position at a time when the agrarian economies of the West Indies had been historically structured to provide agricultural and other primary commodities to the colonial powers†4. The blow of the ‘Great Depression’ on the West Indies was a determining power on Arthur Lewis. Lewis did not intend to be a doctor or a public prosecutor - the two conservative ways to increasing social mobility. He noticed that he would like to be an engineer, â€Å"but neither the colonial government nor the sugar plantations would hire a black engineer†5. At 18 years of age, he takes admission at the London School of Economics (LSE) to get a Bachelor of Commerce degree. There, he comes across e conomics, a subject matter he noted, neither he nor any person in St. Lucia had ever heard of previously; it appeared, though, to be homework for employment in trade or public management. London, during 1930s and 1940s, was the academic centre of anti-colonial efforts as well as the assembly ground of individuals, afterwards many of whom would turn out to be potential leaders of the recently autonomous states of Africa and Asia. Within London, meeting associates ‘anti-imperialists from all over the world’, started a organized study of the British colonial realm in addition to its. Lewis dealt with the crisis of

Mind mapping Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mind mapping - Research Paper Example Likewise, power providers such as the one displayed in Monster’s Inc. do not necessarily have to concern themselves with competition due to the fact that their competition does not spring up overnight because the entry cost into the market is so incredibly high. As was the case with McDonalds, consumer tastes, the price of food, the performance of the economy, the time of year, and the time of month have massive impacts on overall total sales levels. For this reason, firms like McDonalds are much more beholden to the swings of the external environment than say a power provider. However, at the end of the day, both companies must be mindful of the external environment because to ignore it is to ignore the future viability of the firm. Within Monsters Inc, the viewer is presented with secretaries and administrative staff, the CEO, HR and quality control, machinery technicians, janitorial staff, primary agents (the Scarers), and security and disaster remediation staff. Whereas at a regional McDonald’s location you do not see the stratified corporate footprint as was exhibited in Monster’s Inc.; instead, you see the cooks (technicians), the drive through staff (sales and customer service), cashiers (finance), and shift supervisor (management) (Bacon, 2011). Within Monsters Inc, you are aware of a training department, a quality assurance department, an HR department, a CEO, and a security team. Likewise, when working at McDonalds, the corporate footprint was less stratified. Because of the fact that I was working in the franchise operation, I was not necessarily aware of the larger operations taking place outside my field of view with reference to McDonalds as a corporate entity. Sadly, the environment within McDonald’s was an abysmally miserable one from my personal experience. It was so bad in fact that I chose not to continue my employment with the company longer than the

Hamlets Psychological Aspect Essay Example for Free

Hamlets Psychological Aspect Essay I decided to do this research work because I have enjoyed a lot reading this play: Hamlet. The inner motivations and psyche of this character have captured my attention. Therefore, the aim of this research is to depict Hamlet’s attitudes during the play. I will try to approach to his real feelings on life and death taking into consideration what critics and researchers have said about Hamlet. In order to clarify Hamlet’s personality and behaviour, I will provide some aspects of the historical context in which Shakespeare was inspired to write this play, and a brief summary of it to take into account the plot. Finally, I will make a conclusion in which I will try to summarise the most important impressions of this research. Historical Context of the play Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in the last years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth 1, who had been the queen of England more than forty years. As she had no children the question of who would succeed her was a situation that provoked anxiety at that time. Due to this fact, researchers agree that many of Shakespeare’s plays from this period concern transfers of power from one monarch to the next. Another important issue dealt with in his plays is the general sense of anxiety, fear, uncertainty, betrayal and revenge. For instance, Hamlet displays all the themes mentioned above. Shakespeare was able to sum up the most impotant values of the Renaissance. Cultural phenomenon that began in the fifteenth-century and proclaimed the humanism: a new thought that revalued the social and popular aspect of life. People who belonged to the Renaissance period claimed that human beings lived in a world of appearances, in which they tried to hide their realities, that is to say, their deepest desires and what they actually were. Hamlet had to face one of the most difficult realities: injustice. A task that presents a dilemma to him: â€Å"to be or not to be†. While pointing out questions that cannot be answered, the play as a whole chiefly demonstrates the difficulty of knowing the truth about other people: who are guilty or innocent, which their motivations and feelings are. Brief Summary of the play Shakespeare begins the play with the death of the King of Denmark and the possession of the throne by the King’s brother Claudius, instead of the King’s son, that is to say the prince Hamlet, who was supposed to be the next in line. What is more, the new king Claudius suddenly married Gertrude, the dead king’s widow. Thus, the prince Hamlet got depressed by the unexpected situation. One night, Hamlet’s father appears as a ghost to tell Hamlet that he had been murdered by his own brother Claudius, that is to say, Hamlet ´s uncle. In his anger, Hamlet decides to fulfill his father’s request, which is to avenge his death. In order to confirm what the ghost has said, Hamlet organizes a play in which he represents the assessination scene. While the play is being performed, Claudius stands up and goes out feeling guilty. At the moment, Hamlet confirms the truth and discusses the situation with his mother. As Hamlet notices that someone is spying on them behind the curtains, he stabs his sword without checking who this person is. As a result, he kills Polonius, Claudiuss chief councillor. When Ophelia, Polonius ´s daughter, is informed about her fathers death she reacts with madness and eventually falls in a stream and drowns. After that, Laertes, Ophelia’s brother, is told that Hamlet is involved in Polonius’s death and Ophelia’s madness. Therefore, he wants to avenge his father’s and sister’s death trying to eliminate Hamlet. As Claudius promised Laertes to help him with the revenge, they plan to kill Hamlet as if by accident with a poisoned sword in a fencing match. Claudius also plans to offer Hamlet a poisoned drink during the fight. When the fencing contest begins, Hamlet’s mother Gertrude drinks the poisoned drink before Caludius can stop her and she dies. Hamlet turns away and Laertes wounds him with the poisoned sword, but Hamlet goes on fighting. During the struggle, they exchange swords and Hamlet wounds Laertes, who confesses the plan telling Hamlet that he is also sure to die from the effect of the poison. After hearing the truth, Hamlet stabs Claudius with the poisoned sword and forces him to drink the poison, too. Finally, while Hamlet is dying by the effect of the poison, he orders one of his friends called Horatio to tell the terrible story of the happening to everyone.

Society and Culture Essay Example for Free

Society and Culture Essay It seems like just yesterday that I was sitting there just like all of you listening to the same sort of speeches from the year 12’s last year, thinking, what are these people talking about? PIP’s? Major works? Hello! I just started year 11; I don’t need to be thinking about this now, its ages away. Let me tell you this, standing here with only about 5 months to go until my PIP, my major work for society and culture is due, that ages away creeps up on you very quickly. You’re probably thinking, â€Å"5 months, what is this girl going on about, 5 months is almost half a year! Are you serious! That’s more than enough time to do an assignment. You could easily do it a week before it’s due. What is she stressing about?† If you learn only one thing from my speech make sure it’s this- That 5 months in â€Å"PIP† time is not ages away. With 5 months to go you should have already chosen your topic, have formulated your focus question and be starting to implement the methodologies you have chosen, or at least be starting to think about the methodologies you want to use. You should definitely not think that you could start writing your PIP with only a week to go. As you probably already know PIP stands for Personal Interest Project. So it would make sense to choose a topic that you’re personally interested in. You’ve got to think that ideally, you’re going to be researching the same topic for a little under a year so it’s got to be something that’s going to maintain your interest as well as relating to Society and Culture in some way. The topic I chose for my PIP is Mental Illness, and my Focus question is â€Å"Is the mental illness Bipolar, attributable to the influences of nature or nurture?† Specifically I’m focusing my research on 4 adults and seeing if I can come to some conclusion about what Bipolar disorder is attributed to generally. Many different things inspired me to choose this topic, but probably the most major influence was the fact that my mum had Bipolar disorder, my Nan has bipolar and so does my Great Grandma. Bipolar used to be something that really scared me; partly because of the stigma society generally places on mental illness, and also because of the fact that there is such a strong genetic history of bipolar in females in my family, so there is an increased chance that I may get Bipolar at some point in my life. I decided to focus on this topic, as I knew it would be something that would maintain my interest for the duration of the project, and I also thought that it would be a very good experience for me, as instead of being afraid of mental illness it would empower me with information. I believe it will also help me to determine if I am at such a great risk of developing a Bipolar due to the genetic â€Å"nature† factors, or if developing Bipolar is more attributable to â€Å"nurture† factors, in relation to the way someone has grown up and what environments they have been subject to. Another attribution for my choice of topic was that I felt I had excellent links and access to information relating to this topic, within my micro world. My Aunt works for Pioneer Clubhouse, a rehabilitation centre for people with mental illness, and one of our family friends used to work in the public sector and has friends with Bipolar, that advise the health minister on issues relating to mental illness. Because of these links it is much easier to obtain information and implement my methodologies. I assume by this stage of year 11 you all know what a methodology is, but in simple terms, methodologies are ways of finding out information. Creating a successful PIP and choosing an appropriate methodology or methodologies go hand in hand. Methodologies play a major role in your PIP but it is really important that you understand, in relation to your PIP in general, you need to allow for flexibility. Sometimes the methodologies or the topic you choose wont work out, and you may need to choose new ones or modify your original choice. The PIP is supposed to be a major learning experience, designed to move you closer towards social and cultural literacy, so naturally there will be learning from mistakes and changes made along the way. It’s important that you’re aware of this. I have decided to use interview as the primary methodology for my PIP. Specifically I intend to undertake an extensive interview process with the 4 individuals I am focusing my research on. I also wish to interview several people that interact regularly with the selected four. I feel that using interviews, as my primary research methodolog y will prove to be highly successful for my PIP. As finding out weather Bipolar is attributable to nature or nurture involves more than just getting a one-word or short answer, which is usually what would be normally obtained from Quantitative research methodologies, such as questionnaires or statistical analysis. It is highly suggested that you include secondary research within your PIP to support the primary research you’ve collected. This finding and interpreting of secondary research is also classified as a methodology, it’s called Content Analysis, and this is also one of the methodologies that I will be using. I have already looked at many books, websites and pamphlets and obtained some very useful information from them. I also intend to watch some videos on Bipolar and I aim to collect some more information from websites and books. I’ve decided to use this methodology not only because it is highly suggested that you use it, but also because I believe that it is really important to get other people’s opinions that have researched the same topic, in order to support and explain to a greater extent the research that you have gathered. Another methodology I intend to use is Participant Observation. I will do this by spending the day at Pioneer Clubhouse, the rehabilitation centre for people with mental illness that I was talking about before. Through doing this I hope to observe my participants interacting in certain daily situations, and I hope to be able to comment on whether there are any differences to reactions of those not suffering with Bipolar disorder, which could give insight into the ‘nurture’ influence of the disorder. Use of this method will also allow a different perspective to interview, as I will be able to see behaviours first hand, which I think will be very valuable to my research. The type of methodologies you will choose will highly relate to the type of research you are doing. My research is definitely far more Qualitative than Quantitative due to the fact that I am focusing my research on people’s experiences. In simple terms Qualitative research relies upon open-ended questions, and types of methodologies that usually require interpretation of people’s personal opinions. Quantitative research is more straightforward research that can easily be compared to other data, as it does not require interpretation of people’s personal opinions. It involves interpretation of statistics and numbers and clear opinions of usually a large number of people. It is estimated that 10% of Australians have Bipolar, which is a very high percentage when you think that over 20 million people live here. That’s about 2 million people who have either had or have Bipolar Disorder. Yet it is generally seen by most within our society as such a taboo subject. This is part of the reason why I didn’t choose Quantitative methodologies such as questionnaires, surveys, or statistical analysis, because I felt that many people wouldn’t give true, unbiased opinions. So far the research I have conducted has proved quite successful. I am continually conducting content analysis and have been since late last year. I have collected quite a lot of information and visited many libraries’ including the Macquarie University library, the State library of Queensland and the University of New South Wales Library. I know it’s starting to sound like you have to turn into a major nerd once you hit year 12 Society and Culture, but it’s really not like that. You start doing all these nerdaliscious things because you’re interested in the topic you’re researching. It’s your PERSONAL Interest Project, an assignment on something that you want to do, so you actually want to put an effort in and want to do well. I have also given a speech at Pioneer Clubhouse’s weekly staff and members meeting, introducing my PIP and myself, and proposing their involvement. I also spoke at the meeting about the possibility of conducting interviews with several of them. I received a very positive response from them all and also obtained several members consent to interview them. I intend to conduct these interviews in the upcoming school holidays along with my participant observation. I have also written a rough draft of questions I intend to ask during the interviews, and I aim to have a final copy of questions finished by the start of the holidays. My topic is an extremely sensitive one and it is vitally important that I treat the participants of my research with the upmost respect and not just as research tools. My aim is to discuss my finalized interview questions with a mental health professional in order to ensure that I am asking appropriate questions and conducting ethical research, which is a very important part of social research. Furthermore I have also begun writing a letter to the Health Minister, consulting him about his opinions on my topic. I have also written several emails to various organizations supporting people with Mental Illness, consulting them about my topic and requesting any information they would be able to forward. This has proved extremely helpful, as I have received some fantastic information from these organizations. It is extremely important to try and remain as unbiased as possible whilst conducting your research, in order to produce a reliable and proper report at the end of your research. Although it is definitely good to formulate an opinion about your topic and express how passionate you are about it, it is also essential that you try not to impose this opinion on those you are collecting information from. I expect to find that the causes of Bipolar will be attributable to both nature and nurture influences, and I feel that my research will support this hypothesis. My reasoning behind expecting to come to this conclusion stems from the fact that if someone has a predisposition to a certain disease or disorder therefore nature factors. It does not necessarily mean that they will acquire that disease or disorder; unless they subject themselves to particular environments hence nurture factors. Take heart disease for example. A person may have a predisposition to heart disease but if they eat healthily and exercise then they have a chance of not acquiring the condition. They do however; have a higher risk of acquiring the disease than someone who doesn’t have a predisposition to heart disease. I believe the same principle applies to Bipolar Disorder, and hypothesise that my findings will support this way of thinking. The PIP gives you a lot of freedom to choose a topic on something that your interested in, but there is one vital piece of criteria that you need to factor in when choosing your topic, and that is that it needs to relate to Society and Culture through the concepts. My topic relates to Society and Culture through several concepts, including, the concept of Time – as both nature and nurture factors are highly influenced by time. It also refers to the concept of Socialization. This refers to the ways you learn to become an accepted member of society via agents such as peers, family, community groups and the media. These things relate greatly to the nurture side of the argument, hence relate to my topic. My topic also relates to the following concepts for the same reasons – Media, Values, Tradition, Influence, and Institutions. Other concepts my topic relates to include: Environment – as the person’s environment and the experiences they are subject to highly relate to the nurture component of my PIP. Family is also another concept that relates to my PIP for the same reasons. Gender is also a concept that relates to my PIP in respect to the nature part of my focus question. So right now your probably all thinking â€Å"blah blah, what is this stupid girl doing, why am I sitting here listening to these stupid speeches, wasting my time, again, I’m only in year 11, is this really necessary?† Well the aim of my speech today wasn’t to bore you. My aim today was to inspire you guys, get you all to start thinking about your PIP’s, because it’s really not that far away. Year 11 goes so fast and before you know it your half way through year 12 giving this same speech, thinking â€Å"I really should get a move on with my PIP.† The PIP is a major part of your work in year 12; it’s worth 30% of your external mark for Society and Culture, which means that your HSC exam is only worth 70% so you need to put a lot of effort into your PIP. The last but probably most important piece of information I will give you today, is that you need to successfully manage your time whilst researching your PIP, because it really does slip away so quickly. My advice to you is, in term 4, your first term of year 12, when you first receive information on the PIP, make up a realistic timeline of how you want to conduct your research and complete your PIP. Set a date for when you want to have your topic chosen by, a date for when you’re first going to think about your methodologies, and a date for when you intend to implement them. It’s also a good idea to factor in some time every week that you solely devote to your PIP. You really need to use your time wisely, because you think â€Å"oh yeah, no worries I have a whole year to do this, I’m not going to start now† but then time slips away so fast and you wish you had that extra time back. By no means am I going to lie to you, the PIP is a lot of hard work. But it definitely gives a sense of satisfaction when you’re actually out there researching something independently; using all the skills you’ve learnt. It makes you feel as though school is actually useful and the things your learning can actually be implemented into real life situations. You get to research and report on something that you’re personally interested in, something that actually matters to you, which absolutely makes it worthwhile putting in all the effort and time the PIP demands. Although it’s a lot of work, it’s definitely something to look forward to. It’s school work, but surprisingly its fun. So start thinking now because it’s just around the corner!

Cost Leadership Strategy Business Comparison

Cost Leadership Strategy Business Comparison Identify two very different organizations that compete on a cost leadership strategy and explain how they do this, i.e. find out what they do that enables them to keep their prices low. Introduction What is difference between manager and a leader? This is a question that asked more than one and answered in many ways. The big difference between manager and a leader is they motivate peoples who work or follow them. By the way , many peoples are act in both roles , they have the management jobs, but they realize that they can not buy heart ,especially follow them down a diffcult path, and so act as leaders too. 1.1 Manager Management which is the organization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with certain policies and in achievement of defined objectives. A Manager is the person responsible for planning and directing the work of a group of individuals, monitoring their work, and taking corrective action when necessary. Managers have a position of authority vested in them by the company, and their subordinates work for them and largely do as they are told. As a manager, in all his work within the scope are under the management and administrative. Managers are paid to get things done, they are subordinates too, often within tight constraints of time and money. They thus naturally pass on this work focus to their subordinates. Work under the administrator is qualified for all work and maintain, without change. As a manager in the management all structures and systems are oriented. All the positions are set by the system, and work is also to go along with the system. In the management system, managers are being controlled, including time, work, and salary. In other way , the manager need to focus on bottom line and control the complete the attention of all the work off the assembly line. Leadership is just one important component of the directing function. A manager cannot just be a leader, he also needs formal authority to be effective. For any quality initiative to take hold, senior management must be involved and act as a role model. T his involvement cannot be delegated. 1.2 Leader Leadership which is academics have great difficulty in defining what a leader is, or pinpointing the reason behind an organisations success. A leader who impact the realization of a goal to achieve a group of people. A leader by its meaning is one who goes first and leads by example, so that others are motivated to follow him. This is a basic requirement. To be a leader, a person must have a deep-rooted commitment to the goal that he will strive to achieve it even if nobody follows him. As a leader, should have innovative ideas and the establishment of a management system without having to be free of innovation. And this will improve a leaders ability. When a leader of the freedom of growth and development. Leader development focuses on the development of the leader, such as the personal attributes desired in a leader, desired ways of behaving, ways of thinking or feeling. The other set of behaviors is referred to as people-oriented style, where the leader provides a more supportive role in providing a positive work environment. In a group where all the members do not allow the system to be controlled, the development of all are free. And all the members are relying on trust to maintain. Besides , as a leader need take care of his own group and motivate the group. The leaders just need to focus on the horizon members only and teach the horizon members to lead their own groups. This will lead the team with team spirit. 1.3 Manager and Leader Managers think incrementally, whilst leaders think radically. Managers do things right, while leaders do the right thing. This means that managers do things by the book and follow company policy, while leaders follow their own intuition, which may in turn be of more benefit to the company. A leader is more emotional than a manager . Men are governed by their emotions rather than their intelligence . This quotation illustrates why teams choose to follow leaders. Leaders stand out by being different. They question assumption and are suspicious of tradition. They seek out the truth and make decisions based on fact, not prejudice. They have a preference for innovation. A leader is someone who people naturally follow through their own choice, and managers must comply. A manager may only be passed to give the company time and the power of loyalty to their own position, not because of his leadership results. A leader may not have organizational skills, but his vision of the people rally behind him. 1.4 Conclusion Management and leadership are two different ways organizations. Managers use a formal, rational method, and the use of the leaders of the enthusiasm and aroused emotions. William Wallace is a good example of a wise leader, but must not be considered manager. 2.0 Introduction Operating a successful business strategy is based. But there are, of course, different types of business strategy. Among one of the business strategy is cost leadership strategy. Companies choose cost leadership strategies unique features or customer can accept the relatively standardized product. In other words, with the lowest levels of differentiation and the lowest price competitive. Companies want to be a cost leadership strategy the following must be maintained at lower costs, create value for our customers ongoing efforts to target success. 2.1 Mass Market Mass marketing is product advertising maximum exposure to consumers. This is opposite to where the idea of niche markets and sell products is to promote a specific target market. The target market is identified through research as the most likely to buy a product to consumers part of. Mass marketing also operating the business with products caters for all or public which sell considerably cheap in the perception of consumers. Take a look in a example that Ramly burger and Macdonald burger , Ramly burger is cheaper than Macdonald burger because Ramly burger just a normal tiny business and Ramly burger just only can buy in Malaysia. Macdonald more expensive because it is an international networking business and their cost is higher , some more need register trademarks and a lot of law enforcements stuffs to protect their rights. Besides , Macdonald is one of the top global brands, branding is expensive need a lot of constant advertising. In other way , how does the Ramly burger to keep their price low? By reducing cost , Ramly burger no need to actually rent a land or building to sell , just need to place at a roadside stall to sell it. The supplier also will be cheaper and this make all the cost lower already. Ramly burger dint provide a good enviroment for customers just at the roadside , so the cost will reduce too. Some more , Ramly burger no need to register trademarks and a lot of law enforcement stuffs so their cost will be lower. Besides , process for make the burger is easier and faster also , customers just need to wait about few minutes only. Ramly burger provided a good services such as faster ,cheaper and easier. 2.2 Niche Market Niche market focus on a small population, but specific and clear of all marketing segments. Niches do not exist, but create to determine the needs, desires and not being addressed or not by other companies, and develop and deliver goods or services to meet their requirements. Niche market operating with products cater for a particular segment of consumers which sell at considerably cheap but premium in the perception of consumers. As a strategy, niche marketing is aimed at being a big fish in a small pond instead of being a small fish in a big pond. For example , Old Town Coffee Shop and Starbucks Coffee Shop , even though Starbucks more expensive than Old Town but still have many peoples willing to pay the premium price for the Starbuckss coffee. Starbucks more famous than Old Town , can be compare with the brand. Then, Starbucks provide internet access and better enviroment compare with Old Town. Old Town cheaper than Starbucks and a lot types of drinks and foods to order too. Star bucks coffee is more expensive because the cost is higher and Starbucks there have varieties of coffee such as latte , cappuccino , espresso , blended and many more. Why peoples willing to pay premium price for the products? Now the people of this age, everyone says the standard of living, it is necessary to improve their standard of living, with a good eat well, so now the people of this age are willing to spend a lot of money in his own body, so let his comfort. Even the Starbucks productss price is higher but still have a lot peoples willing to pay the premium price for the coffees to improve their standard of living. Besides, starbucks coffee has many types of tricks such as latte, cappuccino, espresso, blended and many more, is because of this it has attracted many customers willing to pay premium price for the coffees. 2.4 Conclusion Whether expensive or cheap products, will have its own intrinsic value. Usually get a lot of people will put the lowest cost to the most appropriate price. Even then the high value products, it is still the same living standards in pursuit of will buy. Cost leadership strategy may have a low customer loyalty short comings, such as price-sensitive customers will switch a low-cost alternative product available. One as the cost leaders reputation may also lead to lower quality status, which may cause a company is difficult to rename itself or product in the future if it chooses to transfer to a different strategy.

Forest Fires :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the year 2000, fire fighters battled raging infernos as some of the worst wildfires in 50 years rampaged across a dozen states. Not only were these fires the worst in half a century, but they may be the worst ever recorded.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a single week in mid August, 86 major wildfires were raging in a dozen states from Arizona and California up to Colorado and Wyoming to Montana, Oregon and South Dakota. Five million acres of land burned, more then double the annual average for the past decade. A controlled fire six miles southwest of Los Alamos that was implemented as a fire prevention measure would not stop. First consuming dry grass, then ponderosa pines, then gobbling up hundreds of homes and buildings, the fire spread through Los Alamos, the home of the atom bomb. Some 20,000 people had to be evacuated and luckily the fires never came close to a building that held drums of transuranium mixed waste and a metric ton of plutonium. Noxious fumes wafted from the lead paint, rubber and plastics in burning cars and buildings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Due to the destructive wildfires, interest in fuel management to reduce fire control costs and damages has been renewed. Although several tools, such as prescribed burning and salvage timber sales can address these problems, the extent of the problem and the cost of needed treatments are generally unknown. There are few documented estimates of the decline in control costs or damages associated with fuel treatments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The roles and responsibilities of the Federal and State governments in fire protection may be subject to further debate. Laws state that a permit must be required to start a fire outside.

Abuse :: essays research papers

The study of interobserver reliability tested the level of agreement among child welfare workers on the presence or absence of emotional abuse and several other forms of neglect and child abuse. Contrary to expectations, soaring levels of accurate identification and agreement was attained. Regardless of the high level of interobserver reliability, the validity of the notion is questioned. Training for the sample used in the study is evidently effective.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interobserver reliability is one of the dominant issues facing child protective service workers. Its importance escalates as the signs of the neglect or abuse become more abstract and less obvious. The main concern of interobserver reliability is if multiple observers concur on the presence or absence of a particular happening. The level of agreement will be overwhelmingly affected by the transparency of the definitions of abuse and neglect and the extent to which staff are trained in their application. At least one other study raised concerns about this issue because it applies to various aspects of child protective services information processing and definition. A national organization has been formed to fight false accusations called â€Å"VOCAL† (Victims of Child Abuse Laws).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early phases of the child protective services movement, physical abuse was their main concern. Decades later other types of abuse with unclear indicators have come to prominence, such as emotional abuse and neglect. Emotional abuse and neglect are abstract concepts and provide the basis for concern as to whether child protective service workers can always identify them with given common information, especially when they are among other forms of abuse and neglect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are problems in defining emotional abuse and neglect, just as there are problems in defining any type of child maltreatment. The definition of child maltreatment should include only seriously harmful behaviors and outcomes. Protective policies and systems should be utilized only to enforce societal sanctions, not to enforce ideal standards of care giving.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychological maltreatment of children and youth consists of acts of omission and commission, which are judge on the basis of a combination of community standards and professional expertise to be psychologically damaging. Individuals commit such acts, singly or collectively, who by their characteristics (knowledge, status, or organizational form) are in a position of differential power that renders a child ‘s vulnerability. Such acts damage immediately or ultimately the behavioral, cognitive, affective, or physical functioning of the child.

Organizing Relationships Traditional and Emerging Perspectives on Workplace Relationships Essay

Business ethics               One of the issues that have raised concerns in business nowadays is the relationship between senior employees, and the junior employees of the opposite sex. For years, senior employees such as managers and directors have been accused of sexually or emotionally abusing the junior employees working under them. Some are even accused of threatening to dismiss the employees who decline their request for sexual favors from them. Though this may be seen as sexual harassment, the case might be something different from that. Simply because the relationship is between senior and a junior employee, it may not be right to rush to a conclusion that the boss is sexually or emotionally exploiting their subject. It may be a relationship that has developed naturally due to the level of intimacy of the two employees of the opposite gender.            The controversial nature of this issue is clearly portrayed in the mail online article of November 13th, 2013. The article explains that the report of a study carried out by business week has shown that most of these relationships between employees have nothing to do with harassment. During the survey, it was found out that most of the people working in the offices would be up to a sexual relationship with someone from their office if they got the chance. Of the 2500 respondents interviewed during the survey, 85 percent said it was right for employees within the company to be allowed to have sexual relationships. Some even confessed of sexually admiring their coworkers. After all this, why does the Human Resource department discourage intimate relationships between their employees of opposite gender? The answer is that they conclude that one of the parties in the relationship is sexually harassed, especially if one of the parties is the boss of the other.                Some people may accuse me of supporting the behavior of the bosses to engage in sexual relationships with their colleagues. But if we consider some working conditions in some organizations, we see that the relations originate absolutely from intimacy and not harassment. Consider the case of a male manager, who works with a lady as the personal secretary. It is very possible for the two to engage in an affair due to the intimacy created by the working conditions. The two attend meetings together, go for lunch together, spend time together in the office, sometimes they go together to attend meetings far from their place of work, and many other closely spent times. From all these close relation, is it not against the laws of nature for something more than boss-secretary relationship to happen? Ironically, when a relationship develops between the manager and his secretary, the manager will be accused of sexually harassing the secretary! In my opinion, the boss wo uld be emotionally harassing the secretary if he chose to ignore the feelings that develop after been together almost all the time.               It may also be arguable that boss-subject relationships may adversely affect the performance of the employees. Employees may be reluctant in their work simply because the boss, who is supposed to supervise their work, can not condemn them because of the existing bond. This may be the idea behind the fight by the human resource department against sexual relationships at the workplace. However, this may not always be the case. This relationship may boost the performance of an employee who will always be trying to be the best to impress the boss. The article workplace relationships on Wikipedia explain of a theory, Workplace Relationship Quality and information Experiences, which originated from a study conducted by Patricia Sias. The theory states the most productive employees are the ones with high access to information about their workplace. It is obvious that the employees with a relationship more than the ordinary workplace relationship have a higher access to business information. I may, therefore, be right to say that the boss-subject relationships can play an important part in boosting the productivity of the employees. The article further describes relationships at the workplace as â€Å"workplace romance†. It explains that though these relationships may not make the workplace so comfortable for other employees; it plays a very important part in the working of the parties involved in the affair. It increases performance due to high motivation and overall job satisfaction.               Even though some senior employees in some business organization sexually exploit their junior colleagues, let us not mistake every relationship for sexual exploitation or harassment. It is good to appreciate that these bosses and their subjects are just ordinary people and what makes their difference is only the working position and titles. When there is a relationship between two junior employees of opposite gender, this is taken to be an ordinary love relationship. Why then do we have to treat the seniors differently? Aren’t they the same as the juniors? What marks the difference is only job level. It is, therefore, necessary to analyze the situation before concluding that a boss is sexually harassing a junior workmate. References Sias, P. M. (2009). Organizing relationships traditional and emerging perspectives on workplace relationships. Los Angeles: SAGE. (https://www.goodreads.com/user/new?remember=true) Sias, P. M. (2008). Organizing Relationships Traditional and Emerging Perspectives on Workplace Relationships.. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. (http://www.amazon.com/Organizing-Relationships-Traditional-Perspectives-Workplace/dp/1412957974) Source document

Effectiveness of United States Business Practices Laws Essay

Effectiveness of United States Business Practices Laws Introduction Do you think that such laws are effective?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   United States of America has some laws which are supposed to further balanced, fair and competitive business practices. The laws are basically effective because control measures meant to reinforce and foresee business practices that are fair are adhered to. With this, the determination of either success or the failure of any specific regulations or specifications can depend on the angle that you look at them from. With the anti-trust laws safeness from any form of unreasonable trade, unfair and non-competitive business acts and price discrimination are fully insured. For instance, each time new laws and regulations are initiated initial skepticism concerning their intended purpose and their impact as laws which are supposed to promote competitive and fair business practices. People may however not realize it citing an example of consumers where antitrust laws have effects on their daily life in many different ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Federal Trade Commission of the United States Act came up with a government commission which was meant to help prevent unfair come uncompetitive business practices. 2014 FDIC’s compliance Manual states that:In order to prevent deceptive, uncompetitive or unfair business practices to consumers; to facilitate informed consumer choice and public awareness of a competitive process and in order to accomplish all this having not unduly burdening legitimate business activities (FDIC, 2014).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many other regulations come laws have been enacted to fully protect workers and consumers (since 1930s). It’s illegal for any employer to discriminate in terms of hiring on the age, race, sex or even their religious believes. Child labor is highly prohibited. All independent labor unions are assured of total rights to bargain or even organize a strike. These laws are fully enforced to help maintain everyone’s safety and protection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Back in 1890, the United States Congress enacted the popular Sherman Antitrust Act which is basically a law intended to restore free enterprise and competition through breaking up of monopolies. According to the US Congress (1890), â€Å"Sherman Anti-Trust Act† illegalizes all combinations, contracts or conspiracies that may unreasonably restrain both foreign and interstate trade. This shall include agreements amongst competitors to rig bids, fix prices and allocate customers all which are considered as criminal felonies and are punishable.’’ Why are the laws effective?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The original purpose of enacting the Sherman Antitrust Act was basically the protection of consumers from established businesses which might decide use unscrupulous ways to artificially raise prices, this may be through purposive production of few goods which do not meet the consumer demand thus automatically raise the products’ price and value. The US Justice Department states, â€Å"This law principally shows our commitment to a free market economy which there is no competition from both governmental and private restraints leads to good results for all consumers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States government has really tried in keeping the consumers and trade industries safe from unfair treatment during any business practices. In 1914 the Congress thus passed 2 more laws which were designed to reinforce the Clayton Antitrust Act Sherman, other significant business related acts. The Clayton Antitrust Act clearly defined what the components pertaining illegal restraints of trade. The International Economics Institute clearly states that: â€Å"The act illegalized price discrimination which gave some buyers advantages over others, did not allow agreements in which any manufacturer can sell only to dealer(s) who willingly agrees to never sell any of rival manufacturer’s product(s) and prohibits specific merger types or other acts that can reduce competition (U.S Congress, 1914). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It’s always difficult to determine when one violates any of the antitrust laws. Interpretations of the laws have varied and many analysts disagree after assessing if companies have really gained much power which may interfere the market operations. The Department of Justice states, â€Å"Effective enforcement of antitrust requires huge public support. However, public ignorance and apathy can adversely weaken the enforcement antitrust even more than any other issue. A consumer or businessperson who encounters business behaviors which appears to truly violate the antitrust laws should contact with immediate effect the enforcement authorities.† Corporate arrangements and conditions that might seem to have some antitrust threats in a particular era and may as well appear as a small threat in another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, whether buying a car, doing some food shopping at the grocery or downloading some new software from any site in the Internet, antitrust laws perform an important role in making sure people have full benefits of high quality goods or services at the most efficient and competitive prices. These antitrust laws achieve these targets through fostering and promotion of market competition and prevention of business practices and mergers which are not competitive. It is therefore evident that the United States has laws that are meant to further competitive, fair and balanced business practices are highly effective. References Pitofsky. E. M. (1978). Institute for International Economics. New York. FDIC. (2014, January 5). Federal Trade Commission Act. New York. Retrieved from fdic.gov: http://www.fdic.gov/regulations/compliance/manual/pdf/VII-1.1.pdf U.S. Department of Justice. (1997). Antitrust Enforcement and the Consumer. Washington. Source document

Eductaion

EDP416 Assessment Item 1 (External) Type:Writing Task Description:This item asks you to engage key socio-cultural concepts encountered in the first module of the unit. Part A asks you to define a chosen number of concepts from Module 1 and consider their implications for education. Part B asks you to describe a school-based, socio-cultural pedagogical situation or problem related to one of the chosen topics. Audience:Tutor Length:1000-1200 words in total (Parts A and B) Outcomes:1, 2 & 3 Weighting:40% (All four task elements are equally valued)Posting Date:[See ‘Key Information at a Glance’ on Blackboard ‘Unit Details’ menu item] Part A: Definition and Discussion of Unit Concepts The following list contains the five topics covered in Module One of the unit. Under each topic is a number of related concepts. You are asked to choose ONE (1) concept from three (3) different topics and, in an extended piece of writing of 250–300 words for each concept: i) Define the concept as it has been introduced to you in the unit (via the unit textbook, CMD readings, and lectures) i) Discuss what you understand to be the main implications for education A Guide for this assessment item has been prepared to assist you and is available on Blackboard. Remember, for Part A you are only choosing ONE (1) concept from each of three different topics. This means you will be responding to a maximum of THREE (3) different concepts in total. TOPIC: SOCIAL CLASS AND EDUCATION Concept:Social class Concept:Individual ability Concept:Cultural capital theory References for consultationUnit textbook and CMD references such as Germov (1998) and Henry (2000). TOPIC: RACE/ETHNICITY AND EDUCATION Concept:The (faulty and racist) science of race Concept:Individual and institutional discrimination Concept:Indigeneity and education References for consultation Unit textbook and CMD references such as Aveling (2007), Lampert (2005), Milojevic (2001), Noddings (2005), Rose, D. et al. (1999), Tsolidis (2001). TOPIC: CHILDHOOD, YOUTH AND SCHOOLING Concept:Social construction of childhood and youthConcept:Childhood OR youth and social governance Concept:The disappearance of childhood References for consultation Unit textbook and CMD references such as Christensen and James (1999), McDonnell (2006), Brooks (2006), Postman (1994), Symes and Preston (1997), Tait (2001), Tyler, D. (1993)). TOPIC: GENDER AND EDUCATION Concept:The (faulty) notion of boys and girls as biologically determined Concept:Schooling as a gender regime Concept:The ‘What about the boys? ’ debate (Debate over boys as disadvantaged. ) References for consultationUnit textbook and CMD references such as Kehily (2001), MacNaughton (2000), Martino and Berill (2003), McLeod (2001), Mills et al. (2004), Rasmussen (2004), White and Wyn (2008). Part B: A Related Socio-Cultural Pedagogical Problem Select ONE (1) of the concepts from your response, above, and, in an extended paragraph o f 250–300 words, briefly describe a specific classroom or school-based socio-cultural pedagogical situation/problem that is: i) related to the concept (or broader unit topic from which it derives) and ii) likely to be encountered by a graduate teacher.Relevant contextual information about the students, teacher, school and locale should also be provided. Refer to relevant literature where appropriate. This part of Assessment Item 1 builds conceptual skills which are developed further in Assessment Item 2. For this reason, you definitely need to consult the Guide for Assessment Item 2—specifically the section on the ‘socio-cultural pedagogical situation/ problem’. (Note that for this part of your first assignment you do not develop an ‘initiative’ or ‘solution’ in response to the problem). ***

Opening Act of Othello Essay

Othello’s opening scene has an overall negative impact on the audience in the form of shock as some rather crude language; such as †zounds†, â€Å"tush†, â€Å"’Sblood†; opens the play. This scene sets the premise for the play and tells us of Othello and Desdemona’s elopement, and the betrayal of Brabantio. The opening scene occurs at nightfall to a conversation between two men; Roderigo and Iago on a street outside the house of Brabantio, a man who, unbeknownst to his, has just lost his daughter to a man, a general, he does not approve of. The nightfall of the opening scene created the air of mystery and darkness and is quite expository in regards to the character, Iago. The night is a time where most tragedy occurs and Iago distorts the truth and begins his crusade against Othello by revealing his plan to Roderigo, a man who is infatuated with Brabantio’s daughter, Desdemona. The night also exposes Desdemona’s wrong doing in the betrayal of her father by marrying someone who has not asked her father, and therefore has not been given permission, to marry her. When Iago and Roderigo tell Brabantio of Desdemona’s betrayal it is done so in a rather cruel and dramatic manner and shocks the audience. This creates a sense of pity in regards to Brabantio who, not only learns of this betrayal, but also suffers because of the way in which he was told. Iago ‘orders’ Roderigo to summon Brabantio to â€Å"poison his delight,† and he is summoned to the street in a form of disruption coming from Iago and Roderigo shouting that he has been robbed. â€Å"Awake! What, ho, Brabantio! Thieves, thieves! // Look to your house, your daughter, and your bags!† The reveal is conducted in a crude manner especially within the language used by Iago: â€Å"Zounds, sir, y’are robbed! †¦ an old black ram // Is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise!† these lines can be seen as the most striking of many animalistic images into which Iago’s speech habitually lies. It can also demonstrate Iago’s views on aty pical human desires as well as relationships. Although Iago appears to despise the Moor and any thought regarding a union between he and Brabantio’s daughter, there is also an impression that Iago is relishing in the betrayal as well as despising the action. And this open’s the audience to this despising regarding the Moor. Roderigo refuses to believe Iago once told of Desdemona’s, the woman he is infatuated with and even asked her father for her hand in marriage, elopement with the Moor and reveals that he is quite naà ¯ve. He doesn’t believe any body else is fit to marry her and therefore does not believe that Othello is good enough. Brabantio is angry in a different way as he feels betrayed and ‘robbed’. In Elizabethan times, marrying a man’s daughter without seeking his permission was seen as a crime as equally wronged as rape as that was essentially what it was. If the father had not given permission then she was not eligible for anything past marriage. However, Brabantio should be happy for Desdemona as she has, independently, found a man she loves who happens to be that of great power and honour rather than being racially biased against the Moor. However his anguish is understandable considering the severity of the act and no matter how much of a charismatic man Othello is, he says â€Å"words are words. I never did hear // That the bruised heart was pierced through the ear.† This translates to mean that she has betrayed him and she will most definitely betray Othello. Iago uses this to his advantage with regards to his diabolical plan. Words cannot bring consolidation to a man who has been betrayed so defiantly. Othello’s marriage is a result of his pride and arrogance, his tragic flaw or ‘hubris’, something that causes him to escalate to violate an important moral law, later on in the play. Also, his confidence is part of his hubris as it is an escalation of his pride and arrogance and this can be demonstrated in his speech defending his marriage to Desdemona and why he didn’t ask for permission in Act 1 Scene 3. His tragic error, or ‘hamartia’, is not revealed to the audience in so many words, however, the audience knows that Iago cannot be trusted and he is referred to, in Act 1 Scene 3, as â€Å"A man he is of honesty and trust:† by Othello himself so therefore, the audience can conclude that this is his hamartia. Iago is introduced as a confidant amongst the hierarchy, including Othello, who has not yet been physically introduced, and isn’t until Act 1 Scene 2, but is verbally referred to in a racial and disrespectful manner â€Å"mere prattle without practice† and isn’t referred to by name but by him or he. This is the first time we see Iago as a sinister and two faced, much like Janus, the Roman God with two faces mentioned on line 32 of Act 1 Scene 2. His short monologue at the beginning of the scene shows his first contraindication as he doesn’t respect Othello the way he claims to â€Å"off-capped†. Othello’s introduction in not physical but is referred to indirectly but Iago and Roderigo. Neither mentions him by name but do, however, mention him through his status and their complete disregard for his authority. This is due to Iago being passed over for the promotion to be Othello’s lieutenant in favour of Michael Cassio, â€Å"a Florentine //, (A fellow almost damned in a fair wife). A quite obscure, misogynistic comment, in the sense that Cassio does not appear to be married and if ‘fair wife’ were to mean ‘pretty woman’ then Iago may simply be suggesting that Cassio’s fondness of women could be his downfall. A tragic element in regards to Othello as this later results in Cassio’s murder at the hands of Othello; this is seen as Universalism or Apocalyptism where everything seems to fall apart. Othello’s physical entrance in Act 1 Scene 2 is described as having a â€Å"Calm dignity† and is in deep contrast to his verbal introduction in Act 1 Scene 1. This seems to establish him as a hero and prepares the audience from his tragic ‘fall from grace’. Therefore the protagonist is established. Unfortunately, racism was an issue in Shakespearean times and Blacks and Whites weren’t seen as the equals they are today. Roderigo demonstrated the difference between times by being deliberately offensive in a racist comment about Othello â€Å"think-lips†. Throughout the opening act there are many monologues given by Iago. These put fear into the audience as we know what he is going to do but how will his plan come fruition? These monologues give us as an audience an insight into the future and allows us to create our own theories regarding Iago’s plan. There’s a kind of irony within the fact that he reveals all of this to the audience as in the first scene of Act one he says the infamous line â€Å"But I will never wear my heart upon my sleeve // For daws to peck at; I am not what I am.† This biblical reference to exodus shows us that what he portrays is not his true nature. He has specifically said that he would not ‘wear his heart on his sleeve’, a metaphor for being too open and caring yet, his soliloquies are eloquent and revealing. This is an important clue into Iago’s true nature and quite early in the play, however, he remains elusive and is an ever-changing mystery within the play. This is a tragic element used by Shakespeare to keep the audience on their toes, something he was particularly good at as seen in Macbeth; Lady Macbeth’s soliloquy whilst sleep-walking. Iago’s monologues also give us an insight into his mind that would not be shared with another character. It lets us in to the deception and his wanting revenge over Othello. Insight is given into his intentions, motives and desires regarding his plan and we learn that he is going to accuse Cassio of wooing Desdemona and vice versa to sabotage the marriage of the man that rejected him. He is going to inject the jealousy of Cassio into Othello that will later lead to Othello murdering both Cassio and Desdemona. Iago still, however, retains his hold over Roderigo throughout the opening act as he is easily influenced. Domestic tragedy can be found within the marriage reference in Act 1 Scene 3 where Desdemona is first introduced and where Brabantio gives his blessing for her nuptials. The love can be seen as tragic and the whole scene is a rebuttal in regards to Iago’s slander of this union. It is revealed that â€Å"Desdemona was half the wooer† which means that she did half of the chasing. There is also a rebuttal of the accusation of witchcraft from Brabantio, as he believed that Desdemona â€Å"feared to look upon him†. Shakespeare uses a number of tragic elements in order to both shock and excite the audience. These include the Hamartia, Hubris, soliloquy and domestic tragedy. These are incorporated amongst the language in which the dialogue is written and also has a lot to do with the actors chosen to portray the roles of each character as each has their own flaw or quirk. Shakespeare incorporates these in numerous ways but most cleverly with Iago.

A Journey from HRM to SHRM Essay

The radical change taking place in the workplace and the work force has led to the dramatic evolution of traditional human resource management to strategic human resource management. The days of the strictly administrative human resource function are over. HR management must now be considered a critical strategic partner and must contribute to the overall objectives of the company. Strategic HR management is characterized by focusing more on strategic rather than operational issues. However, the administrative work must still be done efficiently. Strategic HR management involves making the function of managing people the most important priority in the organization, and integrating all human resource programs and policies within the framework of a company’s strategy. Strategic HR management recognizes that all decisions on finance, marketing, operations or technology are made by an organization’s people. Strategic HR management involves the development of a consistent, aligned collection of practices, programs, and policies to facilitate the achievement of the organization’s objectives. It considers the implications of corporate strategy for all HR systems within an organization by translating company objectives into specific people management systems. The most important consideration of strategic HR management is that there is no one best way to manage people. Therefore, the specific approach and processes will vary from organization to organization. It may even vary in an organization with clearly defined business units or functional areas. However, all HR programs and policies must be consistent and must therefore be integrated within a larger framework, leading to the facilitation of the organization’s vision and its objectives. Human resource management has been traditionally defined as the set of philosophies, processes and procedures a firm uses for the following four basic tasks: †¢ Managing the entry and exit process. The HR function has normally been responsible for recruiting people the organization would need in the future. Therefore, manpower forecasts are made and a corresponding plan is made. HR managers have also been involved in the exit or separation process. This is normally done by retirement or by having the employee fired. †¢ Managing the growth and development process. There are traditional HR tasks such as orientation or socialization, training and development, and performance appraisal. Processes are also designed so that employees understand the overall scope and direction of the organization. †¢ Managing the reward and recognition process. Rewards come through the administration of compensation and benefits, and recognition comes in the form of promotion, job assignments and rotation. However, the process of rewards and recognition includes the countermeasures of demotions and disciplinary action. Performance appraisal is also a critical input into the reward and recognition system. †¢ Managing the overall organization climate. In the highly competitive and rapidly changing business environment of today, it is necessary to foster a climate that challenges employees to better levels of performance. Of course, the organizational climate is not a variable to be managed or designed. However, it is necessary for all the organization’s processes and procedures, from its compliance with the law to its new strategic initiatives, to be aligned. In the shift from traditional HR to strategic HR, there are a number of issues which HR practitioners must contend with. The first is whether the main responsibility for people management programs should rest with staff specialists in the corporate HR department or with the line managers who are the ones most in contact with the workers. Traditional HR assumes the role of handling transactions as they arise. These may involve compliance with changing laws, rectifying problems between supervisors and subordinates, recruiting and screening applicants for current needs and basically responding to events after these happen. Strategic HR is much more transformational and realizes that the success for any initiative form growth, adaptation, or change within the organization are dependent upon the employees who utilize any change in technology or produce any changes in the organization’s product or service. HR, therefore, plays a transformational role by assisting the organization in identifying and meeting the larger challenges it faces in its external environment by ensuring that the internal mechanisms that facilitate change are in place. Traditional HR departments must, therefore, rethink, redefine and re-evaluate their roles. HR managers must learn to operate their departments more like a business. Businesses must have clear strategies, outcomes, products, services and structures to attain specific objectives which are aligned to the corporate objectives. HR practitioners must answer the following questions: †¢What is the HR strategy? Strategy defines how a business positions itself and allocates resources to products to deliver value to customers. An HR strategy articulates the purposes of HR within the firm, the deliverables or outcomes from HR work, and the services delivered by the HR department. †¢What are the products or services of HR? Many typologies of HR work exist to describe types of HR processes. The new HR typologies will identify new HR products or services required to meet changing business needs. Many of these new products will ensure the flow of intellectual capital and knowledge within a firm, while others will ensure the development of a new generation of leaders within a firm. †¢How should HR be organized to ensure that the strategy is executed? Increasingly, organizations are being defined less by structure and more by how capabilities are acquired and developed. The tremendous growth of outsourcing is clear evidence of this development. As HR functions articulate clear strategies, products or services, they identify the organizational choices that ensure that capabilities, even across organizational boundaries, meet strategic goals. It is clear that human resource management must operate strategically. The central idea behind strategic HR management is that all initiatives involving how people are managed need to be aligned with and in support of the organization’s overall strategy. No organization can expect to be successful if it has people management systems that are at odds with its vision. As a prerequisite for understanding how to strategically manage human resources, it is necessary to understand the process of strategic management.